Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test 2026 - Free Anatomy Practice Questions and Study Guide

Lymphocytes are indeed the most numerous type of cells in the immune system. They play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, and are essential for adaptive immunity. The primary types of lymphocytes include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, each with specialized functions in immune response. For instance, B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, while T cells help to regulate the immune response and directly attack infected cells.

While eosinophils and monocytes are also important components of the immune system, they are present in smaller numbers compared to lymphocytes. Eosinophils are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections and allergic reactions, whereas monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, playing a vital role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation but are less abundant in circulation compared to lymphocytes.

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, although numerous and essential for oxygen transport, are not part of the immune system and therefore do not contribute to immune functions. This context helps clarify why lymphocytes are recognized as the predominant cell type within the immune system.